Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus, often referred to as the wise , (April 26, 121-March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the Five Good Emperors , and is also considered one of the most important Stoic philosophers. His tenure was marked by wars in Asia against a revitalized Parthian Empire, and with Germanic tribes along the Limes Germanicus into Gaul and across the Danube. A revolt in the East, led by Avidius Cassius, failed.